The Constant Typologist: the Notion of Type in the Work of Aris Konstantinidis

Although Modern Greek architecture is often only marginal in the canonical narrations of twentieth-century architectural history, the work of Aris Konstantinidis (1913–1993) holds a special place there. He formed a complementary duo together with Dimitris Pikionis (1887–1968), which has defined the dominant perspective through which a foreign gaze understands and categorizes Greek architectural discourse, culture, and production. This perspective touches upon what many consider an unsettling and unresolved relation between modernity and tradition, or what may be called a “third way” and a possible departure from this very dilemma, forming the myth of “critical regionalism.”⁠

[…]

Our interest in Konstantinidis’s work, which has initiated this short essay, comes from a series of studies and observations about him as a designer, writer, and public intellectual. Contrary to widespread readings on his work and personality, we are particularly interested in his ideological and political thought, as well as the profound systematization of his practice by the architect himself, often disguised behind a highly emotional and polemic rhetoric. 

[…]

Although on multiple occasions Konstantinidis complains about his interactions with private clients, who he often profoundly resented,⁠ we argue that there are a number of private houses […] which offered him the opportunity to control not only the construction but, most importantly, the way they function as conceptual devices for the understanding of his overall work. These private residences indicated and summarized his own theses about the use of materials, structural systems and, essentially, the desired relation between landscape and architectural object: the house as a place of dwelling, an object where cultural, material, and structural continuity is traceable, a space defined by Konstantinidis as a “vessel of life.”⁠

[…]

However, in this text we are also interested in the complementary part of his practice: his work for the public sector. […] If anything, it seems that Konstantinidis was a devoted public sector worker.

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[link to the full article]

Attica Wildfires – Dismantling the binary ‘nature’ and ‘city’

Κάθε προσπάθεια βελτίωσης των συνθηκών ζωής – ανθρώπινης και μη – στο αστικό, περιαστικό, παραγωγικό και μη περιβάλλον, ιδιαίτερα μετά από μια περιβαλλοντική καταστροφή είναι αναγκαία και θετική. Οι πρόσφατες πυρκαγιές στην Αττική δεν αποτελούν εξαίρεση. Χρειάζεται να παρθούν σειρά βραχυπρόθεσμων και μακροχρόνιων μέτρων που θα έχουν όμως πολλαπλό χαρακτήρα. Παράλληλα με τις πολιτικές ετοιμότητας και τις αναγκαίες αποζημιώσεις, που θα πρέπει να γίνονται ανεξάρτητα από μια στενά οικονομοτεχνική μελέτη και αξιολόγηση επικινδυνότητας, οφείλουμε να μελετήσουμε και να αξιολογήσουμε σε βάθος χρόνου και σε πολλαπλές κλίμακες τόσο τα αίτια των καταστροφών, όσο και τη συνολική μας σχέση, ως ανθρώπινη κοινότητα, με το περιβάλλον και το τοπίο. Να μεταβούμε δηλαδή από μια συνθήκη διορθωτικών και ανακουφιστικών μέτρων, στην αναζήτηση ευθυνών και σε πολιτικές επανορθώσεων (reparations).

[…]

Every effort to improve the life conditions – of human and non-humans – within the urban, periurban, productive and non-productive environment, especially after a catastrophic environmental event, is necessary and has an overall  positive impact. The recent wildfires in Attica are not an exemption. There is a need for a series of short- and long-term measures that should operate across multiple scales. Parallel to the regional disaster preparedness policies, or the necessary compensations, which should be distributed independently of the narrow understanding provided by a financial, technocratic, and econometric position of risk assessment reports, we must study and assess the causes of these catastrophes.. Hence, we should gradually move from a condition of corrective and aid relief measures, to one focusing on accountability and reparations.

[…]

[link to the full article]

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Courtyard House

This small coastal house in Nea Skioni, Halkidiki, exists at the friction point between law and desire. Local building regulations demand a unified mass – the legal form of a single holiday home. Yet the family who commissioned the house, an ageing couple with two adult children, no longer fits this normative model. They wanted separation and autonomy, spaces for private life alongside collective gathering. The house answers by complying with the law, while pushing its boundaries by quietly splitting from within. All interior and exterior spaces are inscribed within a 17×17 metre monolithic square. But within this frame, the house breaks apart. An extruded cross organises circulation and fragments the solid into three distinct units, each with its own entrance, its own route to the garden, its own threshold between inside and out. This gesture both connects and separates, allowing for privacy and proximity.


A perimeter wall holds this fragmented life inside, its porosity shifting along the edges – sometimes sealing off, others opening to the landscape. Three courtyards puncture the mass, making space for informal life along the Greek coast – shaded breakfasts, outdoor showers after swimming, cigarettes and dinners under the sky. The holiday home becomes a device that negotiates shifting family structures and expanding desires, hosting forms of life that resist regulation.


Materials remain humble, making a playful reference to the lexicon of vernacular modernist vacation homes of the Greek coast; coarse, lightly-coloured plaster walls, aluminium frames, decorative perforated blocks, shading devices, light-wooden partitions, and a rooftop pergola. Yet colour appears in small, charged moments, highlighting activities such as cooking and bathing, inside and outside the house.

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Pylaia

This housing complex stands at the edge of Thessaloniki, on a sloping plot directly below the listed Benouzilio silk mill – a landmark of the city’s industrial archaeology. Built in 1880 as part of a larger ceramic factory, the mill is both a physical and a symbolic anchor. The new complex enters into a productive dialogue with its neighbour, respecting its scale, material memory, and presence, while reinterpreting its language into contemporary housing.


The design consists of three distinct residential volumes, placed along the edges of the plot to frame the mill and open up a shared central courtyard. This configuration creates a collective space, where life unfolds between private thresholds and the cultural memory of the factory above. The buildings follow the natural slope, adapting their heights and profiles to echo the industrial structures nearby, while offering protected views of the city below.


The housing complex borrows from the material history of its listed counterpart utilizing ceramic tiles and mass produced components for windows, apertures, skylights and pergolas. Each building is wrapped in a concrete L-shaped element – a thick, protective line that shields the units and directs life inward and toward the courtyard. Beneath this protective frame, the ceramic cladded volumes break down into smaller, more intimate spaces, generating semi-outdoor terraces and sheltered corners for domestic life to spill outside. Planted roofs and new local species of plants within the courtyard stitch the project into the wider landscape, creating a habitat that is both ecological and social – a contemporary living environment grounded in the layered history of Pylaia.

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Mechanism of Suspension @ kyklàda.press

In the Islands After Tourism. Escaping the Monocultures of Leisure, the editors write:  “Tourism does more than transforming spaces and forcing emotions: its geographies also conceal a persisting power that captures the imagination. In their operational sturdiness, tourismscapes appear intractable and inert, making their alternative renderings almost unthinkable.”
Mechanism of Suspension
 was a collective project launched in March 2014, exhibited in the 14th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia as part of the Greek Participation. The project is a machine that reconfigures a coastal landscape to function as a field for outdoor free accommodation. Setting a framework against the privatization and environmental degradation of the coast, the legislative document becomes a speculative infrastructure that supports free access to the commons.

Thank you, George Papam, and @kyklada.press for including our work Mechanism of Suspension to this exquisite series.

[Buy online here]

Nursery in Athens

This nursery proposal treats early childhood education as an integral part of the city’s collective infrastructure of care. It asks how architecture can support emotional, social, and cognitive development – not as abstract principles, but through space itself. From the scale of an infant’s hand grasping a surface to the daily negotiations between carers, families, and neighbourhood life, the nursery works across bodies, rooms, and streets. It is a vivid, dynamic space where care becomes infrastructure and architecture becomes play – a spatial field of well-being, recreation, learning and rest, designed with and for infants, toddlers, and staff.


The design centres on a compact two-storey volume, freeing up most of the site for outdoor play and exploration. A cross-shaped core organises movement, gathering vertical and horizontal circulation and moments of spontaneous interaction between children, carers, and visitors. Learning rooms and collective spaces spill outwards, always reaching for sunlight, air, and contact with the garden. Inside and outside fold into one another, allowing learning to shift from floors to trees to earth – from crawling to climbing to reaching the city beyond the site.


The building’s envelope is made of ceramic insulating bricks, combining environmental performance in one unifying architectural gesture. This textured surface wraps both building and garden, holding colour, shadow, and movement. Interiors are designed for sensory learning: walls invite touch, materials resist or give way, scales shift to meet smaller bodies, and colours form cues for navigation and play. Here, architecture does not discipline behaviour – it responds to it, expanding what a public nursery can hold and who it can be for.

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Care Condenser

Our aim is to create an urban network of intertwined interior and exterior spaces that, in turn, constructs a complex infrastructure of care, health, wellness, play, rest, and coexistence of the various groups that inhabit the city. The three main programmatic clusters of the nursery, the day centre for the elderly, and the neighbourhood park form a centre for care, during but also outside the regular working hours. We imagine the overall site as a collective community garden that promotes participation and accessibility for all.

The arrangement of the distinct built volumes in the plot encourages the dialectical relation between the nursery and the elderly centre; a relation of a balanced coexistence, which, at the same time, provides the potential of their distinct use. Along these lines, the nursery building is located on the north side of the plot, far from the street noise. The spaces for infants are organised in a linear volume, while the spaces for toddlers around a courtyard; both meet in the central – compositionally and programmatically – dining area, which becomes the nucleus of the nursery and the neighbourhood life. The elderly centre is located on the south east corner of the plot and is designed as an easily accessible ground-floor level pavilion. The centre of the site is thus freed and dedicated to   the creation of the neighbourhood park that acquires in such a way a primary symbolic, functional, and sensory role.

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Kefalonia is for Lovers

OMA’s practice from 1972–1985 is undeniably characterized by projects that problematise the metropolitan condition of the late-capitalist city. Their design briefs, speculative projects and competition entries were informed by post-domestic environments, emerging spaces of leisure and work, and the challenges of new forms of life, aiming to reclaim a role for architectural form – a contemporary language of brutal realism. Berlin, London, New York and Paris, archetypal cities of western modernity and urbanity, offered a fertile context for these radical experiments; they became the playground in which Rem Koolhaas’s writings, Elia Zenghelis’ drawings and Zoe Zenghelis’ and Madelon Vriesendorp’s paintings created a universe of beauty, lust and unapologetic hedonism.

The text addresses four projects developed by OMA in 1984–85 on the island of Kefalonia: the redevelopment of St. Gerasimos Sacred Plain, the redesign of Koutavos Bay, and the beaches of Skala and Platys Gialos. In these projects, Zoe’s artistic practice – and particularly her work on Greek landscapes in Kefalonia and beyond – became enmeshed with OMA’s formulation of architectural devices that operate in the ‘transposed paradises’ of these Arcadian, hedonistic projects. Colours, abstract forms and the confrontation with topographical and natural elements – the sea, the sky, mountains, plains, lakes – are here not mere representations of architectural projects, but rather the conceptual framework through which these projects exist in the first place. Moreover, this phase of the collaboration between Zoe Zenghelis and OMA resulted in a striking design experiment based on the deployment of archetypal forms such as ‘the avenue’, ‘the pier’, ‘the platform’, ‘steps’ and ‘the canopy’, as well as the treatment of vegetation as a primary formal and organizational element in their projects.

The text concludes with an interview with the Greek architect Elias Veneris, a key member of the Office of Metropolitan Architecture in the late 1970s and early 80s, project leader of OMA Athens and key contributor in the Kefalonia works.

[Links to the online exhibition at the AA and the book at the AA Bookshop]

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Farmhouse

Right outside the village of Oinoi in the region of West Attica and in contact with the forest on the foot of the mountain Kithairon, is a plot of about 21 acres with an existing rural house built in the early 1980s. In recent years, the owners decided to move there permanently and engage with the beautiful productive landscape that surrounds it, with its vineyards, olive groves, flowers and vegetable garden. 

Overall the project includes a series of landscape interventions, the renovation of the existing house and the construction of a new, autonomous residence of approximately the same size (110m2). The first stage, a new masterplan organises the site based on the introduction of new crops, the circulation of agricultural machinery and infrastructure, a series of new warehouses and other auxiliary spaces, resting areas and, of course, the location of the new residence. The plot was divided into four distinct zones, each of a distinct character. The north peak of the plot is left untouched, restoring the natural slopes and tending to the pine trees of the adjacent forest to grow naturally. The domestic zone includes the two houses and occupies the area south of the pine trees, while on its other edge the masterplan introduces an ‘urban garden,’ a ‘domestic garden,’ an interplay of flowerbeds, water features, and vegetable gardens. Finally, the productive landscape dominates the largest, south part of the plot with the gridded olive groves, the vineyards and agricultural infrastructure.

The design of the new house emerged after a study of farmhouses, silos and other industrial and agricultural typologies in Greece and abroad. An equilateral L-shape covered by a pitched roof opens towards the south. Two exterior stone walls, roughly plastered and painted in off-white, organise the outline of the building, while a series of sliding openings create zones of shading and privacy. All dimensions of both the basic structure and the openings are standardised to minimise the construction costs and achieve a structural and material clarity.

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About

Fatura Collaborative – Research & Design Practice, was founded in 2009 and is developing projects across a wide range of scales, from intimate objects and performance, to architecture, urban design and planning. We are interested in architecture as social infrastructure, in developing collective equipments, in the design of spaces of care, empathy and welfare. We design and research expanding new problematics about ecology, the domestic, everyday life and the city.

Members

PLATON ISSAIAS
ARCHITECT

is an architect, researcher, and educator. He studied architecture in Thessaloniki, Greece, and holds an MSc from Columbia University and a PhD from TU Delft and The City as a Project research collective. He is Assistant Professor of Architectural Design at the School of Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He is the co-Head of Projective Cities MPhil programme at the Architectural Association, where he is also teaching Diploma Unit 7 with Georgia Hablützel and Hamed Khosravi. His research interests explore urban design and architecture in relation to the politics of labour, economy, law and labour struggles. He has written and lectured extensively about Greek urbanisation and the politics of urban development.

THEODOSSIS ISSAIAS
ARCHITECT

(he/him) is an architect and educator. He serves as Curator, Heinz Architectural Center, at Carnegie Museum of Art and Special Faculty at Carnegie Mellon University School of Architecture. He studied architecture in Athens, Greece, and holds a Master of Science in Architecture and Urbanism from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research focuses on architecture at the intersection of
human rights, conflict, and the provision of shelter. This interest led to his PhD dissertation “Architectures of the Humanitarian Front” (2021, Yale University), which examined a period around WWI when conflict, displacement, and territorial insecurity provoked the reconfiguration of humanitarian operations –their spatial organization and ethical imperatives.

GIANNANTONIS MOUTSATSOS
ARCHITECT

is an architect based in Lund, Sweden. He graduated in 2010 from the School of Architecture of the National Technical University of Athens and holds an MSc in Energy Efficient and Environmental Building Design from the School of Architecture of Lund University (2015). He has practiced architecture as a freelance architect in Greece and currently in Sweden (eg. Tengbom architects), where he works on a wide range of projects including small houses, larger residential complexes as well as care, educational and industrial facilities.

ALEXANDRA VOUGIA
ARCHITECT

is an architect and an educator. She graduated in 2007 from the School of Architecture of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. She holds the MSc in Advanced Architectural Design from GSAPP, Columbia University (2008) and a PhD from the Architectural Association – School of Architecture, London (2016). She is currently an Assistant Professor of History and Theory of Architecture at the School of Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. She has previously taught at the Architectural Association and the University of Westminster and practiced as an architect in New York and Athens.

MYRTO VRAVOSINOU
ARCHITECT

is an architect based in Thessaloniki. She graduated from the School of Architecture of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2015 and holds an MSc in Environmental Architectural and Urban Design from the same institution (2023). Since 2017, she has been collaborating with a group of freelance engineers, working on a variety of residential, workspace, and small-scale digital fabrication projects. Her special interests lie in urban and architectural design practices that promote spatial justice.

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